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Classical to Quantum Cryptography
- Symmetric Encryption: Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, requiring secure key distribution.
- Asymmetric Encryption: Utilizes a pair of keys (public and private) to enhance security and simplify key distribution.
- Reliance on Computational Hardness: Security is based on the difficulty of solving certain mathematical problems, such as factoring large primes.
The Power of Quantum Computers: A New Era of Brute Force
- Superposition: Qubits can represent multiple possibilities simultaneously, vastly speeding up certain types of calculations.
- Quantum Entanglement: Allows qubits to be interconnected, so the state of one qubit can influence others, enabling faster and more complex computations.
- Quantum Tunneling: Helps qubits escape local minima in complex optimization problems, making brute-force searches more efficient.
Lattice-Based Cryptography: The Hope Against Quantum Power
- The most significant benefit of lattice-based cryptography is its security against quantum attacks.
- Lattice-based cryptography can be applied to various cryptographic protocols, including public-key encryption, digital signatures, and even fully homomorphic encryption (FHE).
- Quantum-resistant, lattice-based cryptography is also highly secure against classical computational attacks.
